Synthetic biology for the synthesis of mogroside V - a review / 生物工程学报

Mogroside V, a component with high content and sweetness in mogrosides, has many pharmacological activities such as relieving cough, reducing sputum, anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, regulating blood sugar, making it a natural nonsugar sweetener with therapeutic functions, and showing a broad market prospect. However, the limited resources and high extraction costs have restricted its widespread use. The rapid development of synthetic biology has provided a new idea for the production of plant natural products. The low-cost and large-scale production will be realized through the construction of a microbial cell factory for mogroside V. Here, we briefly introduce the structure and pharmacological activity of mogroside V, and review progress in applying synthetic biology for its synthesis, and also discuss the challenges faced by the current research, to provide a reference for further studies on the biosynthesis of mogroside V.

Dynamic simulation analysis of effects of project of ditching for drain on On-comelania hupensis snail control and flood prevention security in Dongting Lake region / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of the project of ditching for drain on Oncomelania hupensis snail control and flood prevention security and explore the optimal engineering design plan in Dongting Lake region. Methods A retrospective study was performed on the previous studies about the project of ditching for drain. The reference values of project indices were determined. The outside levee of Nanhu New Distinct of Yueyang City in Dongting Lake region was selected as the study area , and the cross section of marshland perpendicular to the center line of the levee was extracted to research. According to the situa?tions of various water levels,a dynamic simulation was performed on the effect and security of the project of ditching for drain through the software FLAC3D. Results The retrospective study showed that the project would be effective when the relatively subsoil water level decreased by 0.35 m,and the soil water content decreased correspondingly. The dynamic simulation by FLAC3D showed that the minimum safe distances between transverse ditch 1,vertical ditch and levee toe should be 25 m and 13 m respectively. The digging depth of transverse ditch and vertical ditch should be 1.2 m and 1.0 m respectively. If the width of marshland in drought period was less than 500 m,one transverse ditch was efficient. Otherwise,more transverse ditches should be set with the intervals of 300 m. Conclusions The project of ditching for drain is an effective ecological snail elimination method. Optimizing the digging depth of ditches and distances between transverse ditches,vertical ditch and levee toe will en?sure the effects and security of the project.

MRI Diagnosis of Malignant Breast Tumor / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of malignant breast tumor.Methods 37 patients with malignant breast tumor were scanned by plain scans of MRI and contrast-enhanced MRI.MR findings including shape,border and signal intensity of lesions on plain scans,and the enhanced features after adiministration of Gd-DTPA were analysed and compared with the results of X-ray,B-ultrasound,surgery and pathalogy.Results The correct diagnostic rate of plain scans of MRI and contrast-enhanced MRI was 84.5% and 94.6% respectively.Conclusion MRI is effective medical imaging method in diagnosis of malignant breast tumors.

The relationship between cerebral border zone infarction and cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To observe the relationship between cerebral border zone infarction and cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion.Methods 45 patients admitted to our hospital in 2002 were studied retrospectively.They were diagnosied as acute cerebral border zone infarction and classified into anterior border infartion,posterior border infartion and internal border infartion by diffusion weighted MR imaging(DWI). The stenosis or occlusion of cerebral arteries was evaluated by magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) or transcranial doppler(TCD) examinations.Results Cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion was founded in 32 patients(71.1%).The lesions were most located in middle cerebral artery(47.6%),next in internal carotid artery(31%), relatively seldom in anterior cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery(11.9%). No difference of artery abnormity was found between the patients with single border infarction and the patients with mutiple border infarction.But middle cerebral artery stenosis was more frequently seen in the patients with internal border infartion( P

MICROANATOMY OF THE VESSELS OF PINEAL BODY / 解剖学报

Pineal arteries and veins of 46 adult human brains were observed and measured with stero-microscope and light microscope.According to the number of branches, the pineal arteries may be classified into four types: single branched, double branched, three branched and multiple branched types. Among them the single and double branched type occur most frequently. (in 54.55% and 34.09％ respectively), the artery originates mainly from the postcromedial choroidal artery (in 69.72％), and the next more frequent origin is the the quadrigeminal artery (in 28.87%). Some pineal arteries have double origins from abovementioned arteries.Most of the starting points of pineal arteries situate in the recess between the superior colliculus and the pineal body, and less of them on the lateral side of the colliculus or beneath the splenium of the corpus callosum. The artery runs frequently forwards or medially towards the gland and enters it at the middle part of its side. Then it gives branches out of or in the capsule to the surface the gland. The branching patterns may be classified into four types and ten subtypes.The arteries vary in length from 0.2～38.4 mm. The mean external diameter of which is 0.30+0.08 mm, and the internal diameter,0.21?0.07mm.On the pineal body there are a pair of venous stems known as choroidal-pineal veins. They begin from the tela choroidea of the third ventricle. After accepting the dorsal and ventral pineal veins on the ventrolateral side of the pineal body, the two venous stems usually unite to form a single vein which converges into the great cerebral vein.

LIGHT AND ELECTRONMICROSCOPIC STUDIES ON THE FINE DISTRIBUTION OF LYMPHATICS OF BRONCHIAL ARTERY OF THE RABBIT / 解剖学报

Since the conventional dyes and puncture injection give no satisfactory effect in observing the pulmonary deep lymphatics, the author is inspired to introduce two new kinds of mixture, one is AgNO_3 with India ink, one is Riger's solution with India ink. Injections of the new mixtures directly into the artery, and the following findings are obtained. 1.With the lymphatic vessel related to the pulmonary artery as the main current, the pulmonary deep lymphatic vessels extend themselves to somewhere near the meta-arteriole while the lymphatic capillaries can be found around the inter-alveolar septa close to the terminal arterioles. 2.The pre-lymphovascular fluid pathway is carefully observed, which is described by Professor T. Kihara as of sponge like reticular fibres, around the lymphatic capillary blind sacs under the external base lamina propria of bronchioles. It is convinced that the lymphatic capillary, which is not yet found under the respiratory bronchiole membrane, starts where the final terminal bronchiole branches. 3.The fact that the valve is absent in the lymphatic vessel under the external membrane of both the bronchiole and the arteriole of related to the terminal bronchiolus shows that the lymphatic vessel farther off is capillary. 4.The tube of the pulmonary lymphatic capillary appears, under the microscope, irregular in shape where its endothelial cells, which are thin all over except for the part at the nuclei, have no pericytes and are lacking in the laminae or just have scattered ones. The cells are loosely joined in various ways and in some places they are separated by anchoring filaments.